Victorian Crusaders: British and Irish Volunteers in the Papal Army 1860-70 Schofield Nicholas
The struggle for Italian Unification brings to mind images of patriotic heroes such as Garibaldi and Mazzini. However, there is another side to the story: thousands of Catholics from across Europe…
Specifikacia Victorian Crusaders: British and Irish Volunteers in the Papal Army 1860-70 Schofield Nicholas
The struggle for Italian Unification brings to mind images of patriotic heroes such as Garibaldi and Mazzini. However, there is another side to the story: thousands of Catholics from across Europe (and beyond) volunteered to defend the pope from those who threatened his authority and his kingdom. These nineteenth century 'crusaders' included around 1,600 from England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland.This book focuses on the turbulent period between 1860 and 1870, which saw a Piedmontese invasion of the Papal States (1860), an attempted capture of Rome by Garibaldi (1867) and finally the newly formed Italian Army's attack of 1870, which left Rome as the kingdom's capital. It was also a time of reform and modernization in the pontifical army, with at times inspired leadership and the introduction of new weapons and technologies.In addition to examining the campaigns, the