Fit Citizens: A History of Black Womens Exercise from Post-Reconstruction to Postwar America Purkiss Ava
Fit Citizens: A History of Black Womens Exercise from Post-Reconstruction to Postwar America Purkiss Ava At the turn of the twentieth century, as African Americans struggled against white social and…
Specifikacia Fit Citizens: A History of Black Womens Exercise from Post-Reconstruction to Postwar America Purkiss Ava
Fit Citizens: A History of Black Womens Exercise from Post-Reconstruction to Postwar America Purkiss Ava
At the turn of the twentieth century, as African Americans struggled against white social and political oppression, Black women devised novel approaches to the fight for full citizenship. Black women's participation in the modern exercise movement grew exponentially in the first half of the twentieth century and became entwined with larger campaigns of racial uplift and Black self-determination. In opposition to white-led efforts to restrict their freedom of movement, Black women used various exercises--calisthenics, gymnastics, athletics, and walking--to demonstrate their physical and moral fitness for citizenship.
Black newspapers, magazines, advice literature, and public health reports all encouraged this emphasis on exercise as a reflection of civic virtue.In the first historical study of Black women's exercise, Ava Purkiss reveals that physical activity was not merely a