Cyberwar

The question of how Donald Trump won the 2016 election looms over his presidency. Trump has denied it. In particular, were the 78,000 voters who gave him an Electoral College victory affected by the Russian trolls and hackers?

Others cast the answer as unknowable. So has Vladimir Putin. In Cyberwar, Kathleen Hall Jamieson marshals the troll posts, unique polling data, analyses of how the press used hacked content, and a synthesis of half a century of media effects literature to argue that, although not certain, it is probable that the Russians helped elect the 45th president of the United States.

In the process, she asks: How extensive was the troll messaging? What characteristics of social media did the Russians exploit? Why did the mainstream press rush the hacked content into the citizenry's newsfeeds?

Was Clinton telling the truth when she alleged that the debate moderators